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it was the year the Space Shuttle made

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its transition from orbital flight tests

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to commercial operations a new Landsat

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satellite is returning extremely sharp

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cooperation with several other countries

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and infrared astronomy sometimes

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launched and the ad once is a winged

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aircraft showed what it could do at the

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more than eight days in space as part of

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the test program to check out space

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shuttle Columbia systems the crew

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started and we started the orbital

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maneuvering engines turned the orbiter

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toward and then away from the Sun for

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thermal testing and successfully

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operated the remote manipulator arm

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picking up and moving various parts of a

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space science payload they also carried

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experiments to monitor solar flares

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medical and materials processing and the

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effects of zero gravity on flying

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insects as suggested by high school

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student table no see after 384 hours and

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a one-day delay because of bad weather

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Columbia landed at the Army's White

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Sands Missile Range in New Mexico

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approximately 12 weeks later astronauts

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Tom Mattingly and Henry Hartsfield

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piloted Columbia on its fourth and final

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test flight the spacecraft's nearly

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flawless performance marked a fitting

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end to the orbital flight test program

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making it possible to certify the space

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transportation system as a fully

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operational carrier on July 4th after

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seven days in orbit Columbia made a

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perfect landing on a concrete runway

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another first the president and mrs.

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Reagan were there to watch the landing

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and greet the crew November 11th and

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Space Shuttle five the first operational

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flight to commercial communication

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satellites were hauled into orbit one

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for satellite business systems and one

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for Telesat of Canada their deployment

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was a complete success

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space shuttle had delivered as promised

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Columbia and the four astronaut crew

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landed back on earth at 9:33 a.m.

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Eastern Standard Time on

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remember 16 another milestone event the

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completion and rollout of the second

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Space Shuttle Orbiter took place in July

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christened challenger the new orbiter is

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scheduled for its first mission

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challenger travelled overland to NASA's

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Dryden Flight Research Facility where it

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was mounted on top of the 747 Carrier

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aircraft and flown to the Kennedy Space

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Center Florida to ready for its first

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one

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looking farther into the future nASA has

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selected eight companies to prepare

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Space Station mission studies the

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studies will contribute to the

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development of specific mission

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requirements and overall architectural

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options which will be incorporated in

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NASA studies of a shuttle tended

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permanent orbiting facility the

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companies are expected to identify and

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analyze the scientific commercial

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national security and space operational

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missions that could be most efficiently

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conducted by a space station 1982 was

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also a busy time for unmanned spacecraft

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two satellites for Western Union were

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launched called Westar four and five

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these communication satellites relay a

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variety of radio television programs as

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well as transmit complete editions of

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magazines to regional printing plants US

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News and World Report time people and

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Sports Illustrated all dreams west on

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other unmanned launches included an

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annek for communication satellite

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operated by Telesat of Canada RCA

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Americans except comm four and five

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at 5:00 around the country the various

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elements of the space telescope are

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being worked on and assembled at the

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PerkinElmer plant in Connecticut the 92

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inch telescope mirror has been finally

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buffed and polished a wide field camera

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is being built and tested at the Jet

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Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena these

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mock-ups of the Space Telescope's parts

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give an idea of its size it's here at

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the Lockheed plant in Sunnyvale

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California that it will be assembled at

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the Marshall Space Flight Center in

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Alabama astronauts practice working

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around the Space Telescope in a tank

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filled with water to simulate the

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gravity free space environment the Space

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Telescope will be placed into orbit from

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the shuttle payload Bay in 1985 it's

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designed to be an international

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observatory located in space for the

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study of the universe and is expected to

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provide new advances in astronomy and

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physics an infrared astronomical

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satellite will soon be launched from the

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Western Test range in California it's

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shown here undergoing tests at the Jet

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Propulsion Laboratory iris as it is

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called is a

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International project that includes NASA

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the Netherlands and the United Kingdom

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the new Earth orbiting instrument with

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its 68 infrared detectors will be used

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to witness the birth of new stars and

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the death of old ones iris will probe

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through space searching for celestial

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phenomena that are invisible to our eyes

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but glow in the infrared

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pioneers 8 & 9 launched in 1967 and 1968

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and orbiting the Sun since that time

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passed within 1 and 1/2 million miles of

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each other on October 7th in space terms

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a close encounter they like the two

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unmanned pioneers that followed them

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pioneers 10 and 11 continued to return a

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stream of new information about our

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solar system to earthbound scientists

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the spacecraft have traveled billions of

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miles from Earth passing safely through

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rocky asteroid and radiation belts along

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the way these are some of the last

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photographs of Mars they were taken by

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the Viking one orbiter and processed

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this past spring at NASA's Jet

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Propulsion lab more than 50 thousand

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photographs have been taken by the

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Viking spacecraft since 1976 the two

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Vikings were launched seven years ago as

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they arrived at Mars

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the lander portion of the spacecraft

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separated and touched down soft play on

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the Martian surface leaving the orbiters

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circling above the planet the Viking one

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Lander continues to send back valuable

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imaging and meteorological data every

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week

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the fourth earth scanning Landsat was

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launched from California on July 16th

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Landsat 4 is designed to continuously

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collect accurate information on earth's

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resources information useful in land use

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planning exploration and agriculture an

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onboard thematic mapper recorded these

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views which should help urban planners

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better manage and monitor urban sprawl

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into the surrounding countryside after

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completing its three-year mission

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Landsat 4 is designed to be retrieved by

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the space shuttle

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this is Medicine Bow Wyoming sighted the

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dedication of two wind powered

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generators on September 4th the project

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is a joint endeavor of NASA's Lewis

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Research Center the Department of Energy

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and the Bureau of Reclamation one unit

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was built by the Hamilton standard

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company and is nearly 400 feet high it's

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capable of producing 4 megawatts of

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electricity the second unit constructed

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by the Boeing engineering and

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construction company is powered by a

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rotor 300 feet in diameter and can

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produce 2.5 megawatts of electricity

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when operating together the pair of wind

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turbines will provide enough energy to

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meet the needs of 3,000 homes in the

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Rocky Mountain area the Lewis Research

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Center has been working on experimental

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ion electric rocket engines for more

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than two decades electric engines

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produce minut amounts of thrust and do

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it more efficiently than conventional

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chemical rockets one experimental

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electric engine cert 2 has been tested

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for 11 years and journeyed more than a

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billion and a half miles through space

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ion propulsion systems are especially

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attractive for possible Comet and

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asteroid rendezvous missions exploration

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of the outer planets station keeping of

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communication satellites and orbital

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platforms

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the next space test of an ion rocket

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engine will take place in 1983 the Lewis

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Center has also been working on earth

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applications of solar power for example

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a solar electric powered medical clinic

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has been designed and several

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constructed for the US Agency for

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International Development built by the

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solar X corporation they're being

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installed in remote villages in Guiana

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Ecuador Kenya and Zimbabwe the medical

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system package includes a refrigerator

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sterilizer examination light two-way

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radio and numerous interior and exterior

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scientists from the university of

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southern california are applying

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space-related computerized image

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analysis techniques to the earthly

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treatment of arteriosclerosis and

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stenosis of the arteries diseases that

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affect thousands of Americans to

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calculate the degree of disease present

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the computer first indicates the edges

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of the artery with black lines the white

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lines which just appeared are the

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computer's best estimate of where the

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walls of the artery would be if there

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were no disease precedent using these

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guidelines and statistics such as the

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degree of narrowing

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for the patient's file these same

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techniques were used to enhance

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significant areas of the planet Saturn

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for scientific study from pictures taken

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by the Voyager spacecraft research and

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case in point the rotor systems research

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flying laboratory looks like a cross

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between the airplane in a helicopter and

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can fly like both the main objectives of

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the research are two flight tests

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advanced rotor concepts to increase

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performance lower noise and vibrations

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and improve flight control systems the

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our sra is a valuable tool for testing

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out the new rotor concepts the bell

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xv-15 is another research aircraft that

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holds great promise for both military

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and civilian use it can hover like a

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helicopter or cruise like a turboprop

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airplane once the 25-foot prop rotors

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are rotated forward it can fly at speeds

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up to 350 miles per hour the xv-15 flow

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proof of concept and extensive

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operational demonstration flights for

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the military in 1982 including the one

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after practicing carrier takeoffs and

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landings at the Navy's North Island Base

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in San Diego the tiltrotor went through

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the xv-15 is generating a lot of

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interest for use in search-and-rescue

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operations as an economical way to

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supply offshore oil rigs and is an

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a wind tunnel at the Lewis Research

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Center in Cleveland is one of the places

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research is being done to design highly

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efficient propellers for future aircraft

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the unusually shaped propeller has many

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blades which spin at speeds greater than

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those of conventional props when applied

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to commercial transport aircraft

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researchers believe it will result in

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fuel savings of as much as 30% over

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conventional turbofan-powered planes

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while operating at similar speeds and

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altitudes the Lewis Center also has an

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icing research tunnel to study problems

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associated with aircraft flying into

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conditions that cause ice to build on

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plane surfaces the main objective is to

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provide for more efficient more

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lightweight ice protection systems that

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can be applied to general aviation

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aircraft helicopters and future

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to NASA Aeronautics

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for the 1982 Experimental Aircraft

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Association National Convention in

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NASA's Langley Louis and Ames Research

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Center's participated in the eight day

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event with people and equipment

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highlighted at the world's largest

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annual aviation

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when NASA's research and advanced

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technology

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600,000 people saw massive pilot Tom

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McMurtry from the Dryden Flight Research

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and rotated to a big angle of up to 60

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variety of aircraft

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missions of Shuttle Orbiter Columbia to

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space science applications and aircraft

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research this country's aeronautics and

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space efforts moved forward on many

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this special report brought to you by